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Chapter II

SAUSSURE: LANGUAGE AS A SOCIAL FACT By the end of the nineteenth century, apparently everything look good for the time, and some still remain convincing for the present - the equation of languages with biology has been widely rejected. It creates a difficulty for understanding language as an academic discipline: If the languages are not living species. In what sense are they "things" that can be investigated? A layman happily to French as something that can be learned, which has specific devices and in some same or similar cases for the English but differs from it in others; but if the French is an item which is something strange. It obviously is not a concrete object like a table or even like the stretch of terrain called France. You cannot see or hear the France. You can hear Gaston as the waiter saying “pas si bete …””; you can see a line of print in a newspaper “Le Monde”; but how can we define a form is called French that is behind thousands of a phenomenon concre

Explanation of the Article

Ibas dragged into SKKMigas scandal A court hearing in the Upstream Oil and Gas Regulatory Special Task Force (SKKMigas) bribery case revealed that the name of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s son, Edhie “Ibas” Baskoro could have been abused in the scandal. According to a dossier read during the on Thursday, Ibas is believed to be close to Singapore-based oil trader Kernel Oil, especially the company’s president Widodo Ratanachaitong. Widodo was suspected of bribing former chief Rudi Rubiandini in return for a guarantee to allocate some oil blocks. Ibas’ alleged involvement was revealed when judge Djoko Subagyo asked graft defendant Deviardi, a golf trainer who dabbled as a middleman and confidante of Rudi, about his conversation with Widodo. In the dossier, Deviardi said that Widodo claimed to have close ties to people from the State Palace. “He [Widodo] has seven oil companies, all based overseas. He has networks in the State Palace, the House of Representatives and Ca

The Article of Reported Speech

Reported Statements When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example "I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the first person said. Quoted speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words. Quotation marks are used. Reported speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words. Not all of the exact words are used: verb forms and pronouns may change. Quotation marks are not used. Quoted speech: Jane said, “I am hungry.” Reported speech: Jane said that she was hungry. Notice in the example: the verb form and pronoun change from quoted speech to reported speech. Tense / Modal Simple present Quoted speech: He said, “I like ice cream.” Reported Speech: He said (that) he liked ice cream Present continuous Quoted Speech: He said, “I am working hard.” Reported Speech: He said (that) he was working hard Simple past

Reported Speech

Example of Application Letter

Bekasi, May 26, 2013 Dear, Personnel Manager PT. Indah Kurnia Jl. Narogong km 13 Bekasi, West Java Dear Sirs, According with job offers from PT. Indah Kurnia, as published in the internet on March 20, 2013, with this I volunteered to join the Marketing Team at PT. Indah Kurnia. As for my personal data as follows: Name : Ranjana Place / Date of Birth : Bekasi, February 28, 1990 The end of education : SMA Address : Bekasi Timur Regensi ,Bekasi Phone : 08134444999 I am currently working as a part time in PT. Bintang Mandiri. I like to learn and be able to work independently and in a team as well. For your consideration, I enclose the following: 1. Curriculum vitae. 2. Photocopy of diploma vocational 3. Copy of certificate courses / training. 4. Pass a recent photo. My big hope was given the opportunity to attend an interview in order to explain more about the profile and skills that I have. Besides the data contained on a resume (curriculum vitae), I also

Example of Invitation Letter

Mathonic Seminars Bekasi Islamic Centre Mrs Purwa Gougi Educational Services Anggrek Street, Bogor,West Java Indonesia. Dear Mrs Purwa, Business Collaboration Meeting with our Business Expansion Team As a follow-up to our phone conversation, this is to confirm that we would like to invite you for a meeting with our President Dr Agus and our Business Expansion Team at our Annual Expansion meeting slated for January 20th – 24th 2012 at our office in Bekasi City. During the meeting, we would give you a tour of our facilities and present our proposed plan for the collaboration between our organisations. We would also expect you to be prepared to present your company to us, especially your newly developed program for young university graduates. Our investors have shown some interest in this program and some of them will also be in attendance at these meetings. We have made adequate preparations for your accommoda

Example of Order Letter

July 15, 2012 Selly Office Products P.O. Box 17151 Rawa Lumbu, Bekasi Subject: Clothing order Please ship the following items from your sales catalog dated January 31, 2012: ITEM CATALOG # COLOR QTY PRICE Dress BS-33070-WC Orange 1 Rp.100.000,00 Shirt BS-33345-BC Blue 3 Rp.150.000.00 Blouse HC-22005-SH Red 2 Rp.300.000,00 Jacket HS-55118-ZC Black 2 Rp.300.000,00 The items ordered above should be shipped C.O.D. to this address: Bagus Cloth Bandung City P.O. Box 11661 Dago, Bandung (021)883251 The costs above reflect a discount of 60/10, with net due in 30 days after the invoice date. The merchandised is to be shipped by your company's own truck line at a rate of 7 percent of the total net cost. We are remodeling our offices and have a target completion date of August 30, 2012, . If there is any reason you see that you can keep